Backup and restore the SharePoint 2010 Farm more times to find a problem,if exchanged the service account when restored the SharePoint Farm, and the restored is success,enter the site will be directly Access Denied.
Log throw the related feature exception of Publishing, and find the Super User Account and Super Reader Account of Publishing feature are not updated, they are the original.
Run below command to update you will resolve this problem:
stsadm -o setproperty -pn portalsuperuseraccount –pv <New Service Account> –url <Web Application URL>
stsadm -o setproperty -pn portalsuperreaderaccount -pv <New Service Account> -url <Web Application URL>
iisreset
stsadm -o setproperty -pn portalsuperreaderaccount -pv <New Service Account> -url <Web Application URL>
iisreset